Virtualization only works when running the same CPU on the server and the VM.
Currently out of the 3 main VMs only Parallels has a release for the M1 and that can only run ARM based operating system e.g. Linuxes and a pre release Windows. That Windows can run Intel Windows executables. Vmware have announced they are working on a version for ARM. I don't think Oracle have said anything for VirtualBox
There are other emulators that can run Intel executables on the M1. Crossover (and thus I suspect wine) can run Windows Intel binaries. Qemu can emulate and virtualise so can run Intel CPU bases OSs on an ARM machine.
Rosetta2 can run Intel binaries on Apple M1 but not all. Virtual machines need very low level support from the CPU and kernel that Rosetta cannot provide - so that is why you get that error.
EDIT: 27/4/24 As people seem to still find it. Parallels, VMWare and now several others run ARM VMS. Apple has improved Rosetta that if you use their extensions to run a Linux VM Rosetta will run intel binaries in a Linux VM.
sudo kextload -b org.virtualbox.kext.VBoxDrv; sudo kextload -b org.virtualbox.kext.VBoxNetFlt; sudo kextload -b org.virtualbox.kext.VBoxNetAdp; sudo kextload -b org.virtualbox.kext.VBoxUSB;