Tilde (~) and plus-minus (±) in wrong place on keyboard

Question

I'm using a MacBook Pro with a Swedish physical keyboard but with a U.S. layout defined in System Preferences. However, the tilde (~) and plus-minus (±) keys seem switched. The following key combination should produce a ~:

Because the mapping in System Preferences says so:

But it results in a ± symbol.

It seems these two keys (± and ~) are switched somehow. How do I make them work as shown in System Preferences?

Answer 1

Here’s a solution that does not use any external tools.

Run this in Terminal.app:

sudo hidutil property --set '{"UserKeyMapping":[{"HIDKeyboardModifierMappingSrc":0x700000035,"HIDKeyboardModifierMappingDst":0x700000064},{"HIDKeyboardModifierMappingSrc":0x700000064,"HIDKeyboardModifierMappingDst":0x700000035}]}'

Now try your ~ and ± keys: they should be switched around.

Problem is, this fix will only work until the next restart. To make it permanent, you have to automatically run it on system load.

You can do that in three Terminal.app commands:

1. cat << 'EOF' > ~/.tilde-switch && chmod +x ~/.tilde-switch
   hidutil property --set '{"UserKeyMapping":[{"HIDKeyboardModifierMappingSrc":0x700000035,"HIDKeyboardModifierMappingDst":0x700000064},{"HIDKeyboardModifierMappingSrc":0x700000064,"HIDKeyboardModifierMappingDst":0x700000035}]}'
   EOF
   

   (This is all a single command.) This stores the script from above in an invisible executable file in your home directory, ~/.tilde-switch.

2. sudo /usr/bin/env bash -c "cat > /Library/LaunchDaemons/org.custom.tilde-switch.plist" << EOF
   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
   <!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
   <plist version="1.0">
     <dict>
       <key>Label</key>
       <string>org.custom.tilde-switch</string>
       <key>Program</key>
       <string>${HOME}/.tilde-switch</string>
       <key>RunAtLoad</key>
       <true/>
       <key>KeepAlive</key>
       <false/>
     </dict>
   </plist>
   EOF
   

   (This is all a single command.) This creates a system task: ‘run the file from step 1 on every startup.’

3. sudo launchctl load -w -- /Library/LaunchDaemons/org.custom.tilde-switch.plist
   

   This loads (activates) the task from step 2.

Steps 2 and 3 will prompt for your password. And now, your ~ and ± keys are permanently switched.

Note 1

This appears to work not only on the MacBook's build-in internal physical keyboard, but on the external keyboards as well.

Note 2

To undo the switching script (not the three steps), here’s the reverse script:

sudo hidutil property --set '{"UserKeyMapping":[{"HIDKeyboardModifierMappingSrc":0x700000035,"HIDKeyboardModifierMappingDst":0x700000035},{"HIDKeyboardModifierMappingSrc":0x700000064,"HIDKeyboardModifierMappingDst":0x700000064}]}'

Note 3

To undo the three steps:

sudo launchctl unload -w -- /Library/LaunchDaemons/org.custom.tilde-switch.plist; sudo rm -f -- /Library/LaunchDaemons/org.custom.tilde-switch.plist ~/.tilde-switch

Credit

This solution is inspired by this article:

http://homeowmorphism.com/2017/05/27/Remap-CapsLock-Backspace-Sierra

Answer 2

Using Karabiner Elements, you can add a "Simple Modification" as follows:

Basically, you need to know that the name of the § (±) key in Karabiner's configuration screen is non_us_backslash

In my case, I used this method specifically for the built-in keyboard, leaving my external keyboards unchanged.

Answer 3

Here is Apple documentation with table containing all the keys and corresponding hexes. https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/technotes/tn2450/_index.html

Initial state is no active key remappings:

hidutil property --get UserKeyMapping
(null)

Remap ~ to §± one way:

hidutil property --set '{"UserKeyMapping":[
{"HIDKeyboardModifierMappingSrc":0x700000035,"HIDKeyboardModifierMappingDst":0x700000064}
]}'

Swap them both ways:

hidutil property --set '{"UserKeyMapping":[
{"HIDKeyboardModifierMappingSrc":0x700000035,"HIDKeyboardModifierMappingDst":0x700000064},
{"HIDKeyboardModifierMappingSrc":0x700000064,"HIDKeyboardModifierMappingDst":0x700000035}
]}'

For removing any remappings back to initial just pass an empty array:

hidutil property --set '{"UserKeyMapping":[]}'

Answer 4

Building on CBlew's solution, one can do without the extra file (which wouldn't work as-is for a multi-user system). Write a plist file like

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
  <dict>
    <key>Label</key>
    <string>com.example.setkeyboard</string>
    <key>ProgramArguments</key>
    <array>
      <string>/usr/bin/hidutil</string>
      <string>property</string>
      <string>--matching</string>
      <string>{"VendorID": 5426, "ProductID": 579}</string>
      <string>--set</string>
      <string>{"UserKeyMapping":[{"HIDKeyboardModifierMappingDst":0x7000000e3,"HIDKeyboardModifierMappingSrc":0x7000000e2},{"HIDKeyboardModifierMappingDst":0x7000000e2,"HIDKeyboardModifierMappingSrc":0x7000000e3},{"HIDKeyboardModifierMappingDst":0x7000000e7,"HIDKeyboardModifierMappingSrc":0x7000000e6},{"HIDKeyboardModifierMappingDst":0x7000000e6,"HIDKeyboardModifierMappingSrc":0x700000065}]}</string>
    </array>
    <key>RunAtLoad</key>
    <true/>
    <key>KeepAlive</key>
    <false/>
  </dict>
</plist>

then set it with sudo launchctl load -w -- /Library/LaunchDaemons/com.example.setkeyboard.plist.

For generating the hidutil invocation I am using this simple Python script.

Answer 5

I had the exact same situation (Nordic keyboard, US layout). The problem is that macOS thinks you're using the wrong "type" (ISO vs ANSI) keyboard. To fix it:

1. Open keyboard settings
2. Click Change keyboard type... at the very bottom
3. The Keyboard Setup Assistant will pop up and ask you to press the key to the right of the left shift key
4. Do not press that >
5. Instead, press Z

macOS will now determine that you're using a standard US keyboard.

Answer 6

I had this problem switching to a new macbook (with external keyboard). I fixed it by removing my input source (dvorak) and then clicking on "Change keyboard type..." and getting it to identify my external keyboard again (as ISO european). I then re-added my input source and the ~ and ± keys were swapped back and in the correct place.

Answer 7

It's because the keyboard is set to ANSI instead of ISO. I managed to switch from ANSI to ISO by installing karabiner-elements with

brew install --cask karabiner-elements

and then from the karabiner app, go to Virtual Keyboard and select from the dropdown list of Country Code 0 option ISO instead of ANSI.