on El Cap (I noticed this since upgrade to 10.11.3) Preview keeps accessing closed PDF files, which means I cannot empty the trash. In fact the problem exists even if Preview is not running. I open a file, close Preview and the file, trash it, try to empty the trash and I get 'the file is in use'. Just now:
:~$ lsof .Trash/tutorial-strata.pdf
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
Preview 62216 me txt REG 1,4 196236 109606954 .Trash/tutorial-strata.pdf
QuickLook 71216 me txt REG 1,4 196236 109606954 .Trash/tutorial-strata.pdf
(as you might notice Quicklook wanted some of the action despite the fact I did not activate a preview of the file). How can I stop this most annoying behaviour?
#following GhostLyrics' suggestion I run:
:~$ ps -ef|grep Prev
501 2411 1 0 12:00am ?? 0:08.49 /Applications/Preview.app/Contents/MacOS/Preview -psn_0_28633933
501 2412 1 0 12:00am ?? 0:00.01 /Applications/Preview.app/Contents/XPCServices/com.apple.Preview.TrustedBookmarksService.xpc/Contents/MacOS/com.apple.Preview.TrustedBookmarksService
501 16880 57035 0 12:36pm ttys000 0:00.00 grep Prev
so Preview is still running in the background despite the fact it is not open (according to the Dock):
Hence it looks like that preview is not actually closing properly for some reason or another....