As noted by another answer: you can't have all new Finder calls open as tabs in one Finder window. Cool idea though.
And, as noted by another answer: you can control the behaviour of Cmd-Click actions in Finder so they open new tabs instead of new windows by going to the Finder preferences (Cmd+`) and making sure Open folders in tabs instead of new windows is selected in the General tab on the Preferences pane:
The reason I want this is so that I have only one Finder window with multiple tabs. If apps keeps on opening new window you may miss the opened folder.
The above preference settings for Finder won't stop apps from opening new windows. You can, however, use Finder's Window > Merge All Windows
menu item to pull all open Finder windows in to the current, front-most, Finder window as tabs. This will address your straggler concerns, though in an inelegant manner I'm afraid.
You could use this Alfred workflow to trigger the Merge from Alfred. Or, if you're a LaunchBar user like me, here's a little AppleScript that'll do it:
on gui_scripting_status()
tell application "System Events"
set ui_enabled to UI elements enabled
end tell
if ui_enabled is false then
tell application "System Preferences"
activate
set current pane to pane id "com.apple.preference.universalaccess"
display dialog "The GUI scripting architecture of Mac OS X is currently disabled." & return & return & "To activate GUI Scripting select the checkbox \"Enable access for assistive devices\" in the Universal Access preference pane." with icon 1 buttons {"Okay"} default button 1
end tell
end if
return ui_enabled
end gui_scripting_status
on click_menu(app_name, menu_name, menu_item)
try
tell application app_name
activate
end tell
tell application "System Events"
click menu item menu_item of menu menu_name of menu bar 1 of process app_name
end tell
return true
on error error_message
return false
end try
end click_menu
if gui_scripting_status() then
click_menu("Finder", "Window", "Merge All Windows")
end if
It's based off of this handy code blob. It'll work for other programs too like Safari. You need to enable access for assistive devices on your Mac for that script to work.
Window > Merge All Windows
to pull all open Finder windows in to one, tabbed, Finder window. Handy for leaving no straggler behind.