Safari prompted me to authenticate to ioc.exchange today, when I had no Safari tabs or windows with ioc.exchange open. I do have an ioc.exchange account that I use only rarely. I do not have ioc.exchange set up in Internet Accounts, and I was in Safari when the popup surfaced.
Edit: Someone may be poking around ... I just got an unsolicited push MFA request from Microsoft Authenticator. Probably just a coincidence but wanted to mention it.
Edit 2: Not answer but I spoke with someone involved in the development of FIDO2 specs who assured me the dialog box could only pop up if "... something made a call from that origin in an app or browser." What would have made a call from ioc.exchange to my browser is beyond me.
Are there any non-sketchy reasons this might happen? As far as I know webauthn/passkeys doesn't support a push authentication model (someone somewhere else trying to log in as me resulting in a prompt on my machine).