I found the solution to this however random. I did a few things though I can't remember in what chronological order. For one, I corrupted my Windows partition on Bootcamp by running a script off of Github which claimed to offer a better alternative to the third-party driver: Trackpad++. I nearly had to reinstall Windows but I did the obvious thing, given it was almost impossible to reinstall the Mac drivers for Windows, and used a wired mouse to navigate the OS. 

So, with corded mouse in hand, as the trackpad wouldn't work at all - given the MacBook driver was shot - I simply reinstalled Trackpad++ but deleted the part of the program which runs the native control panel: essentially bloatware trying to get me to pay for stuff I don't need. I also ran - either before or after - the sfc /scannow command on the command prompt. 

I got curious as to whether or not the scan could have or would have fixed the update issue with failed patches. Oh, yes, and I may have ran the DISM command syntax with the "RestoreHealth" switch. I also booted Windows into safe mode, which is tricky on Bootcamp. If anyone wants to know how to do that, I'll explain. Long story short, one of those steps fixed it or a combination more than one did the trick. 

The moral of the story? Windows on Bootcamp can be successfully updated when Bitlocker is installed. The OS gets buggy and the drivers don't like it, along with the encryption, but it can be done if the end user implements enough creative tech savvy in the process. 

All things considered, I think this topic can be closed and whoever is moderating this topic can do so if desired. Any comments before this close out, are more than welcome. I'm eager to hear a theoretical explanation of why or how any of these steps worked