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I read somewhere on the Apple forums about this tip.

I wanted to configure my mail account from scratch, in Mavericks, sync the remote e-mails by IMAP and then import the local e-mails.

So, to get my old local On My Mac > Archive folder I

1. Quit Mail.app
2. Copied Archive.mbox from a backup to ~/Library/Mail/V2/Mailboxes
3. Deleted from ~/Library/Mail/V2/MailData the following items
   • Envelope Index
   • Envelope Index-shm
   • Envelope Index-wal
4. Relaunched Mail.app and proceed with the importing wizard
5. Renamed the newly imported folder to Archive (until renamed the e-mails show up as blank)

Here, Archive is just my example mbox, substitute with yours.