Following these instructions I closed the Notebook in OneNote for Mac (version 16.52), renamed the Notebook in OneDrive and re-opened the renamed Notebook in OneNote for Mac. Unfortunately the rename is ignored by OneNote for Mac and then the synchronisation fails immediately after opening as the Notebooks are inconsistently named.
Sync error:
This section might have been deleted from the server. You can try to sync this section again, or copy your notes to another section.
I have tried to open the Notebook in OneNote online: the Notebook opens correctly and shows the correct new name. I have deleted the Microsoft OneNote container in my user Library, plus any other reference I could find in my user Library related to Microsoft OneNote. I have tried closing the Notebook in OneNote for Mac, opening in OneNote online, make changes in the Notebook so that it forces a synchronisation, and then re-opening the Notebook in OneNote for Mac. The update made in OneNote online shows on the Mac, however changes on the Mac are not synchronised back to the online repository of the Notebook due to above error.