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I'm running Mac OS X 10.7. How can I know whether MySQL, SQLite, PostgreSQL, etc. are installed on the system?

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Try the Terminal command mdfind (string) | grep include

For example:

$ mdfind postgres | grep include
/usr/include/postgresql/server/postgres_fe.h
/usr/include/postgresql/server/postgres_ext.h
/usr/include/postgresql/server/postgres.h
/usr/include/postgresql/internal/postgres_fe.h
/usr/include/postgres_ext.h
...

$ mdfind sqlite | grep include
/usr/include/sqlite3ext.h
/usr/include/sqlite3.h
/usr/include/php/ext/sqlite3/libsqlite/sqlite3.h
/usr/include/php/ext/sqlite/libsqlite/src/sqlite.h
...

This is a good way to determine if there are header files installed for the respective database libraries you ask about.

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    At least MySQL is only the PHP support for it. There is no MySQL server in the client version unless you install it separately. The PostgreSQL is also related to the Apache webserver, but I'm not sure exactly what it is for.
    – ughoavgfhw
    Jan 18, 2012 at 21:55
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    Thank you very much. And thank you to ughoavgfhv, too. I have the client version, installed no one of them, and needed to know whether any of them came preinstalled with the OS. I was in doubt because PHP & Apache ARE preinstalled instead.
    – ignis
    Jan 18, 2012 at 21:57
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You can consult the list of open source products that ship as part of Lion and Lion Server.

Also a mdfind command can list all the executable files that have been indexed and you can grep for specific file names to filter out the excess results. This will show any files installed not from Apple's original payload with Lion.

mdfind "kMDItemKind == 'Unix Executable File'" | grep -w sqlite3

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