(Assuming you mean to say that you have a MacBook Pro and not a MacBook because there is no MacBook that was made in 2014.)
You aren't going to find a Thunderbolt 2 to USB-C adapter as it makes no sense for vendors to create one.
First off, let's address the core (technical) premise of the question:
...I need a Thunderbolt 2 (male) to USB-C female adaptor,
There is a fundamental difference between thunderbolt 3 using the USB-C connector style as opposed to the underlying data and voltages being compatible for USB to Thunderbolt. To use a car analogy, this is like asking for a gasoline that specifically works in convertibles. USB-C is just how the port is physically laid out. Thunderbolt is neither "compatible" nor "incompatible" with nor does it convert to USB-C. Thunderbolt 3 uses a USB-C connector; it "embeds" USB 3.1, PCIe, DisplayPort (DP) and power on the same set of cables. It's like having 4 different adapters and plugs in one.
To continue the vehicle analogy - imagine having one pump that could safely detect if diesel (and which blend) or gasoline (leaded or unleaded) or ethanol (of many different blends) is needed from the same one hose that is inserted in to the side of the vehicle. Many fuel types can flow through one connector as opposed to designing a different connector for each fuel type.
Being able to use a USB-C dock with older Thunderbolt 2 Macbook Pros
would not only be cheaper but also allows me to use the same USB-C
dock if I decided to upgrade to a future Macbook.
Yes it would be cheaper, but unfortunately, that's not how it works. There are a couple of mix-ups between what a TB dock is and what a USB dock is:
The type of dock (TB or USB) is how the connection originates. You plug a TB dock into a TB port. You plug a USB dock into a USB port. A TB dock uses the TB protocol, while the USB dock uses the USB protocol.
USB-C is just the plug type. It's a USB 3.1 port. So, to use a USB dock with a USB-C adapter it must go into a USB 3.1 port with a USB-C connector.
As such, there is no such thing as a "USB-C dock." This is like asking for a "convertible gas station." What exists is a USB dock.
A Thunderbolt 3 port with a USB-C connector supports USB 3.1. However, a USB 3.1 port with a USB-C connector DOESN'T support Thunderbolt.
So, unlike TB3, TB2 does not have USB signaling embedded (and this is where it gets confusing). It's PCIe, DP, and power only. So, to get USB, you need an adapter.
To better understand what PCIe is, the best way is to have a look at it in it's most common format. Below is photo of a PC motherboard but not any technically different than an Apple logic board (they are essentially the same thing).
To add USB ports, you need an interface into this "bus" like the adapter below:
Thunderbolt is basically the PCIe port in the first picture in a nice, clean cable and your TB adapters (USB, Ethernet, storage, etc) are dongle version of the second picture.
You can't really "future proof" anything in Tech. Ask anyone who purchased an Xerve G5. What you can do is architect the solution that maxes out your investment.
So, what you need is a path to go from Thunderbolt 2 to USB 3. Once you have USB 3, you can get whatever adapter it starts from (USB-A) and convert it to what you need (USB-C). What is important to understand here is that while you can connect USB device with USB-C connectors, you will be limited to Gen 1 speeds - 5Gbs as opposed to 10Gbs.
The device that gets you closest to this is the Elgato Thunderbolt 2 Laptop Dock with Thunderbolt Cable.
To get your USB-C connected devices, you will just need the right USB 3.1 A to C cable
As to your questions as to why this adapter doesn't exist:
If there is no such adapter please explain:
Is it impossible to produce?
Not at all. As explained above this is basically a USB to PCIe adapter and may adapters like Ethernet already exist.
If not, why hasn't a vendor created one yet? I've explained that its a better financial investment than buying a TB2 dock...surely there's a market for those still using TB2 MBPs wanting to upgrade in the next couple of years. Not only docks but it would open a gateway to cheaper alternatives to those hideously expensive TB2 peripherals.
Is a better financial investment for YOU or for the manufacturer(s)? Without getting into a lengthy history of TB1, TB2, TB3 and its market share, it's quite safe to say that the time between the release of TB1 and TB3 is quite short. In fact, the time between TB2 and TB3 is about a year and the only major vendor to include TB2 ports was Apple. TB2 never had a chance to even gain interest, let alone acceptance and adoption before TB3 and USB 3.1 was released. As it stands, we are talking about a technology (TB2) that is already obsolete for a product (MBP 2014) that now 3 years old.
Keep in mind that Apple's Mac shipments for 2014 was around 7% of market share on about 20 million units. While that sounds massive to you and me, keep in mind, it would be best case scenario that 10% of the market, or about 2 million potential units. Again, huge for you and me, but tiny for the manufacturer(s) who, by the way, would have to split that small market between the other vendors.
Manufacturers are going to create products for markets that have growth potential, not for ones that will only continue to get smaller with the passage of time.
Do you know the surest way to go broke? Keep getting an increasing
share of a shrinking market.
----Lawrence Garfield (Danny DeVito, Other People's Money)
