If you're already in Recovery Mode doing some operation you don't want to interrupt, you can try this trick to run caffeinate
.
Go to the Wi-Fi icon on the menu bar and pull it down. Select "Join Other Network..."
The "Find and join a Wi-Fi network" dialog will be there, but look at the application title. It's "macOS Utilities." Go to the Utilities menu and select "Terminal".
In the terminal, issue the command caffeinate
. When your operation is done, control-C out of it.
If it bothers you that the display sleeps and you don't really trust that the operation is still going, you can issue a stronger version:
caffeinate -dismut 65500
This is sort of like 'sleeplessness with prejudice.' With the -u flag you get an implicit -t 5, which stops caffeine after five seconds. So I overrode this by adding '-t 65500' which makes the caffeinate command last about 18 hours.
Finally, because I'm really, REALLY paranoid, I actually put caffeinate in the background and run a shell loop with ps -ef running every 75 seconds.