In a word? Nope.
The app store provides a couple of facilities for getting applications, but all of them are for the most recent versions. There's a chance that you may be able to use un-delete software on your iTunes App directory and recover it, if the data space has not already been overwritten. Otherwise, you must preserve IPA's that iTunes throws into the Trash, else they're pretty much gone forever.
Additionally, to the best of my knowledge, IPA binaries are unique on a downloaded system, for DRM purposes, so I believe you cannot simply obtain an archived version from a friend, and send it back into iTunes.