There is a built-in command on macOS called SetFile:

% SetFile 
Usage: SetFile [option...] file...
    -a attributes     # attributes (lowercase = 0, uppercase = 1)*
    -c creator        # file creator
    -d date           # creation date (mm/dd/[yy]yy [hh:mm[:ss] [AM | PM]])*
    -m date           # modification date (mm/dd/[yy]yy [hh:mm[:ss] [AM | PM]])*
    -P                # perform action on symlink instead of following it
    -t type           # file type
...

So you could run a short command line like:

while IFS=$'\t' read -r filename created
do
    SetFile \
        -d "$(date -jf "%m/%d/%Y %r" "$created" +"%D %T")" \
        "$filename"
done < mylist.tsv 

The date format %m/%d/%Y %r is just what I guessed your format is, based on the 7/29/2017 4:47:23 PM example in the question.

There is a built-in command on macOS called SetFile:

% SetFile 
Usage: SetFile [option...] file...
    -a attributes     # attributes (lowercase = 0, uppercase = 1)*
    -c creator        # file creator
    -d date           # creation date (mm/dd/[yy]yy [hh:mm[:ss] [AM | PM]])*
    -m date           # modification date (mm/dd/[yy]yy [hh:mm[:ss] [AM | PM]])*
    -P                # perform action on symlink instead of following it
    -t type           # file type
...

So you could run a short command line like:

while IFS=$'\t' read -r filename created
do
    SetFile \
        -d "$(date -jf "%m/%d/%Y %r" "$created" +"%D %T")" \
        "$filename"
done < mylist.tsv 

The date format %m/%d/%Y %r is just what I guessed your format is, based on the 7/29/2017 4:47:23 PM example in the question.

And the default Created, Modified dates seem to be the only metadata about time stored in photos taken with iPhones (there is no "time taken" metadata).

I checked all the metadata on the iPhone photo using mdls

mdls – lists the metadata attributes for the specified file

mdls 13170030_982552864458_69609533_o_982552864458.jpg

would show you the metadata on your image.