Did I install a malware?
No. While I can’t speak to the quality of the software produced (I use Nikon and find their software mediocre at best) it’s not malware that will harm your computer.
Is there a valid reason why I had to manually bypass the security settings during installation?
Is there a legitimate reason why this app asks to scan my drives?
There are many reasons for disabling Security & Privacy settings. One reason is that your chamberscamera is being connected via USB and shows as storage.
Also, the software is likely doing a quick scan to determine what device is being connected. Additionally, CF and SD cards are technically external devices (even if using the camera s as a reader) so it may be scanning looking for image folders like /DCIM/
.