Finder provides this functionality in its View Options.

Go to icon view (cmd + 1) and open View Options (cmd + j).

There you may choose between White color, custom color, or a picture.

Select picture, drag and drop your picture there and you're done :)

Finder provides this functionality in its View Options.

Go to icon view (cmd + 1) and open View Options (cmd + j).

There you may choose between White color, custom color, or a picture.

Select picture, drag and drop your picture there and you're done :)

Edit:

In order to make the change system-wide, after setting the image you need to click on "Use as Defaults"