What are some tips or tricks for Terminal in Mac OS X?

Question

One tip or trick per answer.

My favorite is

open .

Opens the folder you're currently browsing in Finder. You can also pass URLs, images, documents or else to open.

If you specify a program name with -a you can pass the URL, image, document or folder to that program instead, e.g. open -a Preview image.png, overriding the default program set for the filetype.

Please don't post duplicates. Search in the question like this: inquestion:this ls -l

Mac OS X specific answers only.

Answer 1

 dot_clean .

This one isn't an every day usage - but it was a big time saver once - I had a SMB fileserver (Avid Unity) that was displaying lots of .filename files for mac users as well as PC users.

This cleaning command totally fixed the problem (after running twice)

Answer 2

Hit and hold esc a few seconds to get a list of every possible terminal command on your system, including built-ins, programs on your path, and aliases.

Or, as Martijn pointed out:

Just use ⇥ instead, you don't need to hold it for a few seconds even. ⇥ will also complete partially typed commands for you, as well as filenames and command-specific arguments.

A prompt asking if you really want to display all command possibilities will appear. Just answer y to get the command list.

Answer 3

The more I use it the more addicted to it I am.

screen

Along with

screen -ls
screen -r [session]

Very useful for having several screens open on an SSH connection. It saves tons of time especially when you don't have to restart your tail everytime you want to check another log file.

Answer 4

diskutil is a very powerful command-line tool for working with disks and disk images. It's gotten me out of some binds. It's not too hard to use.

Answer 5

I’m not sure; this might work in any decent terminal application, not only in OS X’s. However:

Using Terminal.app it is possible to put status information to the actual title bar and not just to the prompt.

In order to do that, you need to change the PS1 variable in bash to the following model:

PS1='\[\033]0;TITLE\007\]PROMPT'

Where TITLE and PROMPT must be substituted to the actual commands which provide the status information. For example, \w lists the current full path; \W the directory name. You can even execute a command by putting it in backticks. (So you could even put the output of arbitrary commands to the title – or to the prompt.)

Git users (with git’s bash completion installed) might find the following useful. Add this to your .bashrc

export GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE=1
PS1='\[\033]0;`__git_ps1` \w\007\]\h:\W \u\$ '

and the title bar of Terminal.app will show the current git branch (and whether it’s clean or not) followed by the current full path. This gives useful information about where you are only when you need it and does not make the actual prompt overly long.

In case you don’t use git very much and only care about the path in the title bar:

PS1='\[\033]0;\w\007\]\h:\W \u\$ '

Answer 6

Auto-complete a command as an argument. for example start to type:

which pyt (now press ⌥+⇧+1)

it will complete to

which python

⌥+⇧+1 works like tab completion except that it auto-completes using command names instead of file names.

Answer 7

This is my absolute favorite. Sharing screen captures via the internet is a hassle. I wrote this to make sharing screenshots across chat a one step process using DropBox. (I have subsequently come across apps and utilities that do this, but I think this is perfect, at least for me.)

It starts the interactive screenshot utility (same as ⌘+⇧+4), saves it your Dropbox's public folder, copies the URL to your clipboard and opens it in your browser.

I run it via LaunchBar, but you could run it from the shell or bind it to a keyboard shortcut to make it as easy as ⌘+⇧+5.

You could add something random to the filename if you are worried about privacy.

I used to have it scp the screenshot file to my webserver before I switched to Dropbox. You could send the file wherever it would be useful to you. You could even put it in your ~/Sites directory to use it on your local network.

If you want sign up for dropbox, you can use my referral link which will give us both bonus storage. =)

#!/bin/sh

# Integrates Mac OS X's screenshot utility with DropBox for easy sharing.

# - Starts the interactive take-screenshot function, saves it to your public
# Dropbox (if you didn't cancel it) where it will be uploaded automatically.
# Copies the public URL to your clipboard and opens your browser to it.

## Config
dropbox_id="112358132134"  ## this is fibonacci's dropbox id
dropbox_public_folder="$HOME/dropbox/Public/screenshots"
upload_delay_in_second=1.5

## Derivative Variables
filename=$(date '+%F__%H-%M-%S.png')
save_to="$dropbox_public_folder/$filename"
url="http://dl.dropbox.com/u/$dropbox_id/screenshots/$filename"

## start interactive screen capture
screencapture -i "$save_to"

## if the screenshot actually saved to a file (user didn't cancel by pressing escape)
if [[ -e "$save_to" ]]; then
    ## echo some output in case you run this in a shell
    echo "Saved screenshot to:" "$save_to"

    ## copy url to the clipboard
    echo "$url" | pbcopy

    ## wait for Dropbox to upload your screenshot, then open in your browser
    sleep $upload_delay_in_second
    ## The `-g` flag means it won't bring your browser to the foreground, which 
    ## feels less like getting interrupted.
    open -g "$url"
fi

Answer 8

I'm going to have to say watching Star Wars from the command line is the best:

telnet towel.blinkenlights.nl

If you say that isn't a command, which it isn't really, just a trick, then I like this:

defaults write com.apple.dashboard devmode YES

Answer 9

Here's a shell function to get the path of the front Finder window. Can be handy. (I started doing this instead of dragging a folder into the Terminal window.)

function fp { osascript -e 'tell application "Finder"'\
 -e "if (${1-1} <= (count Finder windows)) then"\
 -e "get POSIX path of (target of window ${1-1} as alias)"\
 -e 'else' -e 'get POSIX path of (desktop as alias)'\
 -e 'end if' -e 'end tell'; };\

## alias to copy it to the clipboard
alias cfp='fp | pbcopy'

(This has been in my zshrc a while, but I don't know where I got it / parts of it, otherwise I'd cite credit.)

Answer 10

Easily burn an ISO from commmand line (with verify burn at the end):

hdiutil burn /path/to/iso

Without verifying the burn:

hdiutil burn -noverifyburn /path/to/iso

Answer 11

the most interesting pschotherapist you will ever talk to:

• Run emacs
• Press ⇧+esc+X
• type doctor and press enter
• have fun :D

Answer 12

Use ctrl+R to active reverse history search. Then start typing a command you've already typed and all matching commands will start presenting to you.

To navigate in the reverse history search simply:

• continue typing to narrow down search
• ctrl+R: move to the next result
• ⌫: go back to the previous result
• ctrl+C: cancel your search

eg.

apouche:bin>  echo 'type CTRL+R to start reverse search'
(reverse-i-search)`fin': find . -exec grep "MainMenu.nib" {} \;

---

See also the accepted answer to "How can I search the bash history and rerun a command?" on Super User.

Answer 13

Print almost any document as a PDF, as long as it has a correctly defined MIME type in OS/X

 cupsfilter $filename > output

Answer 14

Get a list of airport SSID

/System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/Apple80211.framework/Versions/A/Resources/airport -s

the airport utility has a lot more options to manage the airport configuration. Run without the -s to get a list.

Answer 15

My favorite alias:

alias redo='sudo \!-1'

When you forget to use 'sudo', just do 'redo' to rerun the last command using sudo.

Answer 16

alias to open preview from command line

alias preview='groff -Tps > /tmp/tmp.ps && open -a Preview /tmp/tmp.ps'

So you can do :

echo "toto" | preview
cat /tmp/test.log | preview
cheat git | preview

Answer 17

Putting a couple of these together, we can get manual pages in a browser with proper markup:

bman () {
    gunzip < `man -w $@` | groff -Thtml -man | bcat
}

Answer 18

Not installed by default, but MacPorts is great for adding more command line programs. After downloading and installing you can use the port command to find and install more programs, plus much more.

port search convert video
port install ffmpeg

Answer 19

Not a huge feature, but I noticed it wasn't here.

⌥ + mouse drag on Terminal text let's you make a rectangular selection.

Answer 20

xattr -h

allows you to view file attributes. The most handy use for this command is to remove the internet download warning from the finder:

cd /the/directory/where/you/downloaded/all/your/files

xattr -rd com.apple.quarantine .

Answer 21

Create a new directory and enter it:

md() { mkdir -p "$@" && cd "$@"; }

For more, see my dotfiles repository on GitHub, and/or view my .osx file for OS X-specific preferences and settings.

Answer 22

In my bash profile I have these aliases:

# Alias for "." shows current directory
alias -- .='pwd'

# Alias for ".." goes to parent directory
alias -- ..="cd .."
alias -- ...="cd .. ; cd .."
alias -- ....="cd .. ; cd .. ; cd .." 

Answer 23

None of these are exactly OSX specific, but here's some stuff from my .bash_profile that I find useful:

Colored Prompt:

PS1="\[\e[0;31m\][\[\e[1;31m\]\u\[\e[0;34m\]@\h \[\e[32m\]\w\[\e[0;31m]\]\$\[\e[0m\] ";

SSH tab completion of hosts that exist in ~/.ssh/config: (found on MacOSXHints)

complete -o default -o nospace -W "$(/usr/bin/env ruby -ne 'puts $_.split(/[,\s]+/)[1..-1].reject{|host| host.match(/\*|\?/)} if $_.match(/^\s*Host\s+/);' < $HOME/.ssh/config)" scp sftp ssh

Highlighted grep:

alias grep="grep --color=auto"

Automagically dump your public ssh key to a host for future passwordless auth: (can probably easily tweaked to add said host to ~/.ssh/config)

ssh-setup() { cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub | ssh $1 'cat - >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys'; }

---

More OSX specific stuff that I've setup forces the machine to take a picture with the built-in iSight every time the machine's lid is open and dumps that image in a directory.
Requirements:

• SleepWatcher
• iSightCapture

Create a directory somewhere to hold all your images. Dump this into ~/.wakeup:

date=$(date +%y%m%d_%H_%M_%S).jpg;
/PATH/TO/isightcapture -w 640 -h 480 -n 3 -d -t jpg /PATH/TO/PICTURE/DUMP/$date > /dev/null
unset date

I've been capping a frame every time my MacBook wakes up for the past 3 1/2 years now, it's interesting to see everything compiled into a long video at a high framerate.

Answer 24

Use Apple’s ASCIIMoviePlayer to play QuickTime movies in the Terminal:

(There are also two great adaptations out there that allow using ANSI colour output).

On a more serious note: CoreImageTool (3rd party; just google for it) is a great way of using CoreImage filters from the command line.

Answer 25

sips -i *

This automagically creates icon previews for all images.

This is better than using the Finder’s “Show icon preview” if you have large files particularly over a server.

Answer 26

drutil does lots of stuff

drutil cdtext

shows you the cdtext info (if any) on the CD currently in the drive

drutil info

shows you the capability of your optical drive(s)

drutil eject

guess what that does

Plus lots more. 'man drutil' to see everything

Answer 27

The OSX installer app has a command line interface too.

sudo installer -pkg /Volumes/Growl-1.2.1/Growl.pkg -target LocalSystem

Is a one line install command for Growl, GrowlNotify is an extra on the same install disk image.

You can find the domains supported by a package file via

installer -pkg  /Volumes/Growl-1.2.1/Growl.pkg -dominfo

Answer 28

Use !$ to repeat the last parameter in the last command you entered, for example:

~$ mkdir test-dir
~$ cd !$
cd test-dir
test-dir$  

!$ is actually short for !!$ which means "from the most recent command, pull the last parameter"

See the "HISTORY EXPANSION" section of the bash man page for more.

Answer 29

cd - 

jumps back to the last directory you were in.

Answer 30

net rpc shutdown --server=<servername> --username=<username>

This will shutdown windows boxes.