I just updated on iOS 5.1.1 and the following issue still persists:
After changing most of my weekly repeated calendar events in the GCal web-interface (google.com/calendar/) via Google Chrome, I finally clearly noticed that all the time the syncronisation from Google Calendar to my iPhone probably never worked.
What did I try to fix it?
First I checked my calendar app ("Week Cal"), then the iPhone "Calendar", then all the calendar settings. Set the timezone to "automatic". Activated "Push". Nothing.
Because as far as I can see there is no "sync" button in the calendars anywhere.
I restarted my iPhone. I updated to v.5.1.1. I deactivated the iCloud calendar sync. Nope.
What finally helped: Deactivate the Google Calendar itself and delete all events with it. Only then (after reactivation) it finally downloaded all the elements.
What is going on?! I know from experience and from Googl'ing that events from the iPhone get indeed synced back. But if I edit existing events, those changes do not get syncronized. Whatever I do. (See above.)
I don't know what I should do now? Only edit events on my iPhone as I unconsciously did in the last months? Constantly de- and re-activate the Google Calendar slider in the settings?
This is a clear bug and it needs to get fixed immediately.