I set up an icloud account and backed up my contacts and notes. [Where? On a PC, on an iOS device, on another mac? Please provide the version of software and general hardware class. Also, what does "backed up" mean. e.g. I followed Apple KB article http://support.apple.com/KB123 and stored 32 contacts from my iPod touch running iOS 5.]
However, when I log onto icloud on my computer, these are not visible. [describe the computer - what OS, how do you log in, what exact steps are you taking to make them visible]
The contacts folder is completely empty except for my name, and the notes app is not visible. [this may not be a problem, on a mac, there isn't a contacts folder, and you have to know to open the Address Book or the Contacts App - we can't guess until you tell us which version of OS X you're running - even if you are running OS X instead of Linux or something else]
It does, however, locate my phone. [how?]